Serum metabolic profiling in pregnant Holstein cows 3 weeks prior to parturition using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

This preliminary study explored potential serum biomarkers for predicting the onset of milk fever (MF), a bovine parturient disease with hypocalcemia. We conducted two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in 8 and 17 pregnant Holstein cows that did and did not develop MF 3 weeks later, respectively. In principal component analysis (PCA) applied to a dataset containing 1498 metabolites, serum metabolites exhibited highly similar chemical profiles between cows with and without MF. PCA with a limited dataset of metabolites containing fatty acids, which had significantly different values between the groups and/or correlation coefficients of >0.5 for the serum calcium concentration, distinguished the two groups. These suggest the possibility of developing serum biomarkers for predicting bovine MF.